Tuesday, May 24, 2005

Granola

I know it says Whole Grain Oat Cereal, but in my mind Cheerios does not count as a whole grain. It may be made from a whole grain, as the box blasts on all 6 sides, but it's so processed that its glycemic index (GI) is well into the 70's (on a scale of 0 to 100. See my post on Cholesterol and Carbohydrates or visit glycemicindex.com for a neat-o searchable GI database). High GI foods send your blood sugar soaring - and then plummeting. (They have a soaring effect on your insulin production and waistline too.) A handful of Cheerios' ubiquitous toasted oat goodness could have a room full of kids climbing the walls one minute and asleep at their desks the next. Or a road full of adults climbing the car in front of them one minute and asleep in their cubicals the next.

Plain rolled oats, although they too undergo processing, have a GI in the 50's. And even though I can't find a decent GI for a respectable homemade granola, it's likely that once you add a little fiber and some good fat to those oats, both known to put the brakes on post-meal blood glucose rise, and serve it up with a tangy fresh unsweetened yogurt, (another low GI food), you could almost halve Cheerios' GI, curbing its blood-sugar induced mania/lethargy.

This recipe is easy. I promise.

Ingredients

2 1/2 cups rolled oats (not instant)

Additions (Optional):

1 tbsp. wheat germ (raw or toasted)
1 tbsp. wheat bran
1 tbsp. unsweetened coconut
1 or 2 tsp. spice (cinnamon, ginger, nutmeg, etc.)

2 tbsp. any seed, e.g.
sesame, sunflower, pumpkin, flax

1/4 cup any unsalted nut, e.g.
walnuts, pecans, almonds, shelled pistachios, cashews, peanuts

Liquid Ingredients (Required):

2 tbsp. vegetable oil
4 tbsp. liquid sweetener (honey, maple syrup, rice syrup, molasses etc.)
1/8 tsp. flavoring (vanilla extract, almond extract, lemon extract, etc.)

After-the-facts (Optional):

1/4 cup any dried fruit, e.g.
raisins or currants
chopped dates or figs
chopped dried apples, pears, peaches, pineapple, apricots
dried cherries, blueberries, cranberries

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1   Preheat oven to a slow 250°F.

2   Toss together oats, spices, and other additions (germ, bran, nuts, seeds, etc.) if using. (Don't go overboard on the wheat bran or germ. They'll absorb the oil and your oats won't toast well.)

Note: Use an "Old Fashioned" thicker rolled oat, not instant oatmeal. I've made a fine granola with Old Fashioned Quaker Oats, but Quaker has a brand called Mother's that provides a slightly thicker oat flake, which results in a chewier granola.

This is a basic recipe for granola. You can experiment with the limitless combinations of nuts, seeds, fruits, and tiny marshmallows in the shape of monster movie characters. Just remember that nuts and seeds are added prior to baking (for a nice toasted flavor!), while dried fruits are added after baking. Raisins are notorious for turning into swollen, burnt-tasting little nodules when baked.

Spices are discretional too. Add more or less depending on your taste. I like to add pinches of nutmeg, ginger, clove, allspice, cardamom, or dried lemon/orange zest. Be frugal with salt. Since there is very little liquid for salt to dissolve into, it will adhere to the exterior of the flakes and produce a pronounced salty taste, more like a pretzel. I've used as little as 1/8 tsp. with unappetizing results.


3   In a small bowl, microwave or gently heat on your stovetop the oil, honey, maple syrup, and vanilla until it's thin and runny. Pour the warm mixture over the oats and blend very well.

Note: This is a good opportunity to try an unrefined oil - the baking temperature is low so smoking and oil deterioration from heat aren't problems. Unrefined oils also pack flavor. Peanut or sesame oil work well. You can also reduce the amount of sweeteners. But save at least 2 tbsp. to help crispen and brown the oats.

4   Spread the uncooked granola evenly across a baking sheet. A 10 by 15 in. sheet works well for this recipe, but you'll need something larger if you want to make more. Bake for 35 to 40 minutes or until just beginning to turn golden. Turn off the oven, leave the oven door slightly ajar, and let the granola toast, if more browning is desired, for another 5 or 10 minutes before removing.

5   Let the granola rest undisturbed in the pan until completely cooled, up to an hour. Break up and pour into a bowl, mix with dried fruits, and store in an airtight container in the refrigerator.

Enjoy!

Friday, May 20, 2005

Grass Fed, Baby

It's been a busy week. Here was one pleasant find:

The Eat Well Guide.

Just type your zip code and feel the rush of sustainability.

Friday, May 13, 2005

For the Love of Ripeness

Seems the lovely Salma Hayek isn't the only attraction at this year's Film Festival in Cannes. The debut of the latest Wallace and Gromit caper Curse of the WereRabbit (aka The Great Vegetable Plot) has filmgoers rooting for the quirky claymation characters' showdown with a vegetable scoffing rabbit.

In their first full-length feature film, the [newly suited] pest control duo set out to protect their town's coddled gourds from a mysterious nocturnal melon eater. The success of the upcoming Giant Vegetable Competition is in jeopardy unless the night raider is apprehended! Will the Anti-Pesto patrol rise to the occasion? Or will all that ripeness be pillaged by some gluttonous beast?

Oh, boy. I can't wait.

Wednesday, May 11, 2005

New Weight Loss Prescription: 60 More Minutes a Day ... of Sleep

As if setting aside 60 minutes every day to exercise isn't enough of a challenge to time management skills and body weight goals, research is cementing the theory that anything less than 8 hours of fitful sleep each night can make you fat. Talk about competing messages.
Picture of Emily Sleeping on Pillow thanks to Eric Rolph.

Our sleeping and eating routines are intricately woven. Take an animal's food away (whether forcibly or in the case of an eating disorder, voluntarily) and they sleep less.1, 2 Take an animal's sleep away and they eat more, lots more - and the food they choose is calorie-dense and high in carbohydrates.3, 4

This relationship between lack of sleep and food intake isn't just a byproduct of being awake more and having more opportunities to surrender to the temptation of that chocolate cake in the fridge. The relationship is hard-wired - controlled by neurons, hormones, and other mediators, and thought to have evolved to protect against starvation during times of famine. If you're starving, best to continue foraging than sleeping. And if you haven't been sleeping, it must be because you're starving - Eat!

During sleep, the body releases more leptin (a hormone that suppresses appetite). When sleep is restricted, the body releases more ghrelin (a hormone that stimulates appetite). Slice a few hours off nighttime sleep and the combination of these hormonal influences on hunger will be profound - and animals are compelled to satisfy that hunger at the expense of their girth. Progressive increases in body weight and BMI (Body Mass Index) have been measured in people who regularly sleep less that 8 hours each night.5, 6, 7

Trends


Above you see sleep durations during the last 50 years.8 Self-reported sleep durations fell by up to 2 hours in the last half century, from an average of 8.5 hours in 1960, to 6.8 hours today.9 This downward trend in sleep mirrors an upward trend in body weight. Twenty years ago, 47% of Americans were either overweight or obese; by 2002 that number rose to 65%.10

On a related note, sleep restriction has also been shown to increase insulin resistance and impair glucose tolerance, increasing the risk for type 2 diabetes. The mechanism is both direct, through alterations in levels of glucose-controlling hormones, and indirect, through increase in body weight brought about by the process described above. In fact, when a group of young healthy men's nighttime sleep was restricted to 4 hours, it took them 40% longer to clear an injection of glucose than when their sleep was not restricted.11

Getting more sleep is one change I doubt multitasking will help to incorporate, no matter how many people I see trying to catch some zzz's on the treadmill.

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1 Lauer CJ, Krieg JC. Sleep in eating disorders. Sleep Med Rev: 2004, 8(2); 109-118.
2 Danguir J, Nicolaidis S. Dependence of sleep on nutrients' availability. Physiol Behav: 1979,22(4); 735-740.
3 Bhanot JL, Chhina GS, Singh B, Sachdeva U, Kumar VM. REM sleep deprivation and food intake. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol: 1989, 33(3): 139-145.
4 Everson CA, Bergmann BM, Rechtschaffen A. Sleep deprivation in the rat: III. Total sleep deprivation. Sleep: 1989, 12(1);13-21.
5 Spiegel K, Tasali E, Penev P, Van Cauter E. Brief communication: Sleep curtailment in healthy young men is associated with decreased leptin levels, elevated ghrelin levels, and increased hunger and appetite. Ann Intern Med: 2004, 141(11);846-850.
6 Spiegel K, Leproult R, L'hermite-Baleriaux M, Copinschi G, Penev PD, Van Cauter E. Leptin levels are dependent on sleep duration: relationships with sympathovagal balance, carbohydrate regulation, cortisol, and thyrotropin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab: 2004,89(11);5762-5771.
7 Taheri S, Lin L, Austin D, Young T, Mignot E. Short sleep duration is associated with reduced leptin, elevated ghrelin, and increased body mass index. PLoS Med: 2004, 1(3); e62.
8 Van Cauter E , Knutson K, Leproult R, Spiegel K. The impact of sleep deprivation on hormones and metabolism. Medscape Neurology & Neurosurgery: 2005, 7 (1).
9 National Sleep Foundation
10 CDC: National Center for Health Statistics. Prevalence of overweight and obesity among adults: United States, 1999-2002.
11 Spiegel K, Leproult R, Van Cauter E. Impact of sleep debt on metabolic and endocrine function. Lancet: 1999, 354(9188);1435-1439.

Friday, May 06, 2005

My Opiate, Food

I write a lot about food. I can't help it, it's my obsession. Part of this obsession is driven by an opiate-like effect that good food, and the eating of, has on my psyche. I get giddy after a good meal. Not in the giggle sense, more in a light-headed, contented sense. I reflexively (not that I've been trained or anything) visualize my cells as tiny Pacmen1 chomping on nutrients and swelling with health. Silly? I'd have thought so years ago. But after reading about the health benefits of this kind of visualization2, effects that kick in independent of the meal, I think I'll stick with it. There's nothing like a good placebo effect to underwrite longevity.

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1 Photo of a hot air balloon moving across the path of the moon thanks to NASA's Astronomy Picture of the Day.

2 Davidson RJ, Kabat-Zinn J, Schumacher J, et al. Alterations in brain and immune function produced by mindfulness meditation. Psychosomatic Medicine: 2003, 65(4); 564-570.

Wednesday, May 04, 2005

Looking For AntiSpyware?

For the multitude of people who found me recently by doing a search on http://disinfect-me.com, I think the site you're looking for is:
NoAdware.net

Although I can attest to the effectiveness of the Microsoft AntiSpyware link you did find here.

And I appreciate the visit!

Tuesday, May 03, 2005

Garlic and Cholesterol

You'd think if there was an easy, effective, vastly cheaper, and (almost) side-effect free alternative to pharmaceutical drugs for lowering cholesterol, people would grab it. There just may be. But I'm at a loss to explain why it just sits there in a bin at the grocery store left to sprout while hypercholesterolemics elect to unscrew the cap on their statins, down their little orange pill, and endure the drain on their muscle strength and checking account. Maybe it's the lack of desire to change one's diet. (Sacrosanct as it is.) Maybe it's the time involved in crushing a clove. Maybe it's the taste, or smell, or the lingering quality. If I had a choice, understandably not everyone does, it would be to stink of garlic than to invite liver or kidney failure, two of the more serious conditions related to taking statins. In fact, I credit my garlic consumption (among a few other habits) with keeping my cholesterol numbers in check as I age.

I need to say ... I believe there's a strong genetic influence contributing to cholesterol levels. And certainly, anyone with a history of heart disease needs to take aggressive action. Statins, taken religiously and in high enough doses can really dent those levels. But for a whole lot of otherwise healthy folks whose levels are just borderline high, there are a wealth of alternatives to try before filling the statin prescription. Garlic is just one. (Here's another.)

How It Works
The natural sulphur compounds in garlic are thought to act in a similar way as statins; they both inhibit an enzyme required for making cholesterol in our body.1

(A bonus for garlic - it's also been shown to reduce blood pressure, keep the blood from forming clots, prevent or slow the development of cancer, and keep at bay all those nasty microorganisms that lead to general human suffering. But those are for future posts.)

How To Take It
Unfortunately, garlic supplements don't show a consistently good effect on cholesterol in studies. (Positive studies show garlic can reduce total cholesterol by about 10%, and LDL by about 13%.) One reason - supplements typically concentrate one or a few compounds in garlic, which represent only a handful of garlic's suspected active ingredients. Varying potency of compounds in supplements, and lack of standardization (how much of what form is included) may also contribute to studies' lackluster results.

The best bang for your buck is still the raw deal, uncooked, and preferably ingested within 20 minutes of crushing. One of the primary active ingredients, allicin, is made available when the garlic is cut, sliced, minced, pressed, crushed, smashed, or otherwise broken apart and exposed to air ... but is inactivated when heated. (So don't swallow a whole clove ... you won't get much allicin and your esophagus will be sore for days!)

There are lots of variables that come into play when deciding how much garlic will do the trick - the age and type of garlic used, how it was handled after harvest (how much heat it was exposed to) and during food preparation, how much a person weighs, and how often a person could realistically be expected to consume it. That given, one to two fresh cloves daily are likely to provide benefit. (A head of garlic is made up of several cloves, each clove measures about 1 inch by 0.5 inch.)

I like to mince or press a clove into a small bowl of olive oil and spread it on bread or use as a condiment. Suggestions are welcome!

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1Mathew BC, Prasad NV, Prabodh R. Cholesterol-lowering effect of organosulphur compounds from garlic: a possible mechanism of action. Kathmandu Univ Med J: 2004, 2(2);100-102.